Neil deGrasse Tyson: The 8 Books Every Intelligent Person Should Read

Jupiter's Great Red Spot

The Great Red Spot (GRS) is a persistent anticyclonic storm, 22° south of Jupiter's equator; observations from Earth establish a minimum storm lifetime between 300 and 400 years.^[69][70] It was described as a "permanent spot" by Gian Domenico Cassini after observing the feature in July 1665 with his instrument-maker Eustachio Divini.^[71] According to a report by Giovanni Battista Riccioli in 1635, Leander Bandtius, who Riccioli identified as the Abbot of Dunisburgh who possessed an "extraordinary telescope", observed a large spot that he described as "oval, equaling one seventh of Jupiter's diameter at its longest."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Jupiter#Great_Red_Spot

Neil deGrasse Tyson Selects the Eight Books Every Intelligent Person on the Planet Should Read

In December of 2011, Neil deGrasse Tyson – champion of science, celebrator of the cosmic perspective, master of the soundbite – participated in Reddit'sAsk Me Anything series of public questions and answers. One reader posed the following question: "Which books should be read by every single intelligent person on the planet?" Adding to history's notable reading lists – including those by Leo Tolstoy, Alan Turing, Brian Eno, David Bowie, Stewart Brand, and Carl Sagan – Tyson offers the following eight essentials, each followed by a short, and sometimes wry, statement about "how the book’s content influenced the behavior of people who shaped the western world":

1. The Bible (public library; free ebook), to learn that it's easier to be told by others what to think and believe than it is to think for yourself
2. The System of the World (public library;free ebook) by Isaac Newton, to learn that the universe is a knowable place
3. On the Origin of Species (public library; free ebook) by Charles Darwin, to learn of our kinship with all other life on Earth
4. Gulliver's Travels (public library; free ebook) by Jonathan Swift, to learn, among other satirical lessons, that most of the time humans are Yahoos
5. The Age of Reason (public library; free ebook) by Thomas Paine, to learn how the power of rational thought is the primary source of freedom in the world
6. The Wealth of Nations (public library; free ebook) by Adam Smith, to learn that capitalism is an economy of greed, a force of nature unto itself
7. The Art of War (public library; free ebook) by Sun Tzu, to learn that the act of killing fellow humans can be raised to an art
8. The Prince (public library; free ebook) by Machiavelli, to learn that people not in power will do all they can to acquire it, and people in power will do all they can to keep it

Tyson adds:

If you read all of the above works you will glean profound insight into most of what has driven the history of the western world.

(What has driven it, evidently, is also the systematic exclusion of the female perspective. The prototypical "intelligent person" would be remiss not to also read, at the very least, Margaret Fuller's foundational text Woman in the Nineteenth Century, which is even available as a free ebook, and Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique. But, of course, the question of diversity is an infinite one and any list is bound to be pathologically unrepresentative of all of humanity – a challenge I've addressed elsewhere – so Tyson's selections remain indispensable despite their chromosomal lopsidedness. My hope, meanwhile, is that we'll begin to see more such reading lists by prominent female scientists, philosophers, artists, or writers of the past and present; to my knowledge, none have been made public as of yet – except perhaps Susan Sontag's diary, which is essentially a lifelong reading list.)

Complement with Nabokov on the six short stories every writer should read, then revisit Tyson on genius and the most humbling fact about the universe.