One scientist
speculates that cloning a live Neanderthal might someday be feasible.
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This may go down as one
of the oddest job postings in history: A respected Harvard professor of
genetics has proposed finding an "extremely adventurous female human"
to serve as surrogate mother for a cloned Neanderthal baby.
Besides saying that the
cloning of a live Neanderthal baby would be possible in our lifetime, Dr.
George Church told Der Spiegel magazine that using stem cells to create a
Neanderthal could have significant benefits to society. "The first thing
you have to do is to sequence the Neanderthal genome, and that has actually
been done," Church said.
PHOTOS: Humans Vs.
Neanderthals: How Did We Win?
Scientists completed the
first sequence of the Neanderthal genome in 2010, finding genetic evidence
suggesting ancestors of modern humans successfully interbred with Neanderthals,
at least occasionally. More recent research has suggested Neanderthal DNA makes
up 1 percent to 4 percent of the genomes of modern Eurasians.
This may go down as one
of the oddest job postings in history: A respected Harvard professor of
genetics has proposed finding an "extremely adventurous female human"
to serve as surrogate mother for a cloned Neanderthal baby.
Besides saying that the
cloning of a live Neanderthal baby would be possible in our lifetime, Dr.
George Church told Der Spiegel magazine that using stem cells to create a
Neanderthal could have significant benefits to society. "The first thing
you have to do is to sequence the Neanderthal genome, and that has actually
been done," Church said.
ANALYSIS: Humans,
Neanderthals Interbred, DNA Proves
Scientists completed the
first sequence of the Neanderthal genome in 2010, finding genetic evidence
suggesting ancestors of modern humans successfully interbred with Neanderthals,
at least occasionally. More recent research has suggested Neanderthal DNA makes
up 1 percent to 4 percent of the genomes of modern Eurasians.
"The next step
would be to chop this genome up into, say, 10,000 chunks and then ... assemble
all the chunks in a human stem cell, which would enable you to finally create a
Neanderthal clone," Church told Der Spiegel. [The 10 Biggest Mysteries of
the First Humans]
The benefits, according
to Church, include an increase in genetic diversity. "The one thing that
is bad for society is low diversity," Church said. "If you become a
monoculture, you are at great risk of perishing. Therefore the recreation of
Neanderthals would be mainly a question of societal risk avoidance."
Not
everyone, however, shares Church's enthusiasm for cloned Neanderthals, in light
of the ethical issues involved.
"I
don't think it's fair to put people ... into a circumstance where they are
going to be mocked and possibly feared," bioethicist Bernard E. Rollin of
Colorado State University in Fort Collins told the British newspaper The
Independent.
It's
also possible a Neanderthal baby would lack immunity to contemporary infectious
diseases, and therefore might not survive, the Independent reports.
Neanderthals, our closest known genetic relatives, died off some 30,000 years
ago. (However, recent research has suggested Neanderthals and other extinct
humans, such as the Denisovans, might have endowed some humans with robust
immune systems.)
PHOTOS: Humans Vs.
Neanderthals: How Did We Win?
"Setting
aside the ethical issues behind creating the lone survivor of an extinct human
species, doomed to be a freak under the microscope of celebrity … I have to
question Dr. Church's contention that it would really be that easy to clone a
Neanderthal," Alex Knapp said in Forbes.
"Other
mammals have been cloned. But at a cost — clones often experience a host of
health problems," Knapp said. "For example, the first cloned sheep,
Dolly, was one of 29 cloned embryos. He was the only one to survive."
Any
surrogate mothers chosen to give birth to a Neanderthal clone might also
suffer, Knapp said. "The reality is that success would require dozens of
women — many of whom would almost certainly go through the trauma of
miscarriage and stillbirths that appear to be inevitable when it comes to
cloning.
ANALYSIS: Human,
Neanderthals Interbred, DNA Proves
"The
ethical implications of just this simple aspect of the process are pretty
damning," Knapp told Forbes.
Nonetheless,
Church believes the challenges can — and should — be overcome.
"We
can clone all kinds of mammals, so it's very likely that we could clone a
human. Why shouldn't we be able to do so?" he told Der Spiegel. "It
depends on a hell of a lot of things, but I think it can be done."
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